前言：下面实验的信息是我在几台配置不同服务器的测试结果，操作系统分别为Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)、Ubuntu 7.10。所以你看到我实验信息的不同时，请不要大惊小怪。而且有些命令也不是所有Linux操作系统都支持（例如在Ubuntu 7.10就不支持dmesg），下面的内容是收集整理的，如有错误或新的方法，也会不停整理、更新。
一：查看CPU信息
1、CPU详细信息
方法1：CPU信息一般保存在proc目录下的cpuinfo文件中。如下所示。
代码[root@DB-Server ~]# more /proc/cpuinfoprocessor : 0vendor_id : AuthenticAMDcpu family : 16model : 5model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processorstepping : 3cpu MHz : 800.000cache size : 512 KBphysical id : 0siblings : 3core id : 0cpu cores : 3apicid : 0initial apicid : 0fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_savebogomips : 6428.41TLB size : 1024 4K pagesclflush size : 64cache_alignment : 64address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstateprocessor : 1vendor_id : AuthenticAMDcpu family : 16model : 5model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processorstepping : 3cpu MHz : 800.000 --注意：AMD的CPU的频率会调整cache size : 512 KBphysical id : 0siblings : 3core id : 1cpu cores : 3apicid : 1initial apicid : 1fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_savebogomips : 6428.64TLB size : 1024 4K pagesclflush size : 64cache_alignment : 64address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstateprocessor : 2vendor_id : AuthenticAMDcpu family : 16model : 5model name : AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processorstepping : 3cpu MHz : 800.000cache size : 512 KBphysical id : 0siblings : 3core id : 2cpu cores : 3apicid : 2initial apicid : 2fpu : yesfpu_exception : yescpuid level : 5wp : yesflags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nonstop_tsc extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_savebogomips : 6428.63TLB size : 1024 4K pagesclflush size : 64cache_alignment : 64address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtualpower management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate
方法2：使用dmesg命令（注意CPU应为大写）
[root@m1 ~]$dmesg | grep CPUSMP: Allowing 8 CPUs, 5 hotplug CPUsNR_CPUS:4096 nr_cpumask_bits:8 nr_cpu_ids:8 nr_node_ids:1PERCPU: Embedded 31 pages/cpu @ffff880028200000 s95064 r8192 d23720 u262144CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0CPU: Processor Core ID: 0mce: CPU supports 6 MCE banksCPU0: AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processor stepping 03Brought up 3 CPUsprocessor LNXCPU:00: registered as cooling_device0processor LNXCPU:01: registered as cooling_device1processor LNXCPU:02: registered as cooling_device2
方法3：使用dmidecode查看CPU信息
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode -t processor# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 35 bytesProcessor InformationSocket Designation: Socket M2Type: Central ProcessorFamily: AthlonManufacturer: AMDID: 53 0F 10 00 FF FB 8B 17Signature: Family 16, Model 5, Stepping 3FlagsPGE (Page global enable):FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)VME (Virtual mode extension)DE (Debugging extension)PSE (Page size extension)TSC (Time stamp counter)MSR (Model specific registers)PAE (Physical address extension)MCE (Machine check exception)CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)SEP (Fast system call)MTRR (Memory type range registers)MCA (Machine check architecture)CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)PAT (Page attribute table)PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)MMX (MMX technology supported)FXSR (Fast floating-point save and restore)SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)HTT (Hyper-threading technology)Version: AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 ProcessorVoltage: 1.6 VExternal Clock: 200 MHzMax Speed: 3000 MHzCurrent Speed: 3200 MHzStatus: Populated, EnabledUpgrade: Socket 754L1 Cache Handle: 0x0008L2 Cache Handle: 0x000AL3 Cache Handle: Not ProvidedSerial Number:Asset Tag:Part Number:
2、查看物理CPU个数
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l1[root@DB-Server ~]# dmesg | grep CPU | grep "Physical Processor ID" | uniq | wc -l1
3、查看逻辑CPU个数
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l3[root@DB-Server ~]# dmesg | grep "CPU" | grep "processor" | wc -l3
4、查看CPU是几核的
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cores" | uniqcpu cores : 3
5、查看CPU的主频
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHz | uniqcpu MHz : 800.000[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHzcpu MHz : 800.000cpu MHz : 800.000cpu MHz : 800.000
6、查看CPU型号信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c3 AMD Athlon(tm) II X3 450 Processor
7、通过physical id 可以判断物理CPU个数
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c1 physical id : 01 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual1 physical id : 01 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual1 physical id : 01 address sizes : 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
8、查看CPU是否支持64位运算
[root@DB-Server ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep 'lm' | wc -l3结果大于0，说明支持64位运算，lm指long mode 支持lm则是64bit
[root@DB-Server ~]# getconf LONG_BIT64etl:/home/etl/$getconf LONG_BIT（另外一台服务器）32说明当前CPU运行在32位模式下，当不代表CPU不支持64位
二、 查看内存信息
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# more /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 7541288 kBMemFree: 215388 kBBuffers: 186228 kBCached: 6433572 kBSwapCached: 77404 kBActive: 5489928 kBInactive: 1346252 kBActive(anon): 5193596 kBInactive(anon): 1015024 kBActive(file): 296332 kBInactive(file): 331228 kBUnevictable: 0 kBMlocked: 0 kBSwapTotal: 9781240 kBSwapFree: 9430432 kBDirty: 0 kBWriteback: 0 kBAnonPages: 139432 kBMapped: 3878064 kBShmem: 5992240 kBSlab: 328284 kBSReclaimable: 159572 kBSUnreclaim: 168712 kBKernelStack: 2056 kBPageTables: 99256 kBNFS_Unstable: 0 kBBounce: 0 kBWritebackTmp: 0 kBCommitLimit: 13551884 kBCommitted_AS: 6943792 kBVmallocTotal: 34359738367 kBVmallocUsed: 301620 kBVmallocChunk: 34359431420 kBHardwareCorrupted: 0 kBAnonHugePages: 30720 kBHugePages_Total: 0HugePages_Free: 0HugePages_Rsvd: 0HugePages_Surp: 0Hugepagesize: 2048 kBDirectMap4k: 8128 kBDirectMap2M: 2611200 kBDirectMap1G: 5242880 kB
你也可以用free命令查看
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# free -k total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 7541288 7296708 244580 0 184228 6423360-/+ buffers/cache: 689120 6852168Swap: 9781240 351944 9429296[root@DB-Server ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 7364 7125 238 0 179 6272-/+ buffers/cache: 672 6691Swap: 9551 343 9208[root@DB-Server ~]# free -g total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 7 6 0 0 0 6-/+ buffers/cache: 0 6Swap: 9 0 8
查看内存条型号
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode -t memory# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.Handle 0x0005, DMI type 5, 20 bytesMemory Controller Information Error Detecting Method: 64-bit ECC Error Correcting Capabilities: None Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave Current Interleave: One-way Interleave Maximum Memory Module Size: 4096 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 8192 MB Supported Speeds: 70 ns 60 ns 50 ns Supported Memory Types: Standard DIMM Memory Module Voltage: 2.9 V Associated Memory Slots: 2 0x0006 0x0007 Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities: NoneHandle 0x0006, DMI type 6, 12 bytesMemory Module Information Socket Designation: A0 Bank Connections: 1 Current Speed: 53 ns Type: Other Unknown EDO Installed Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Error Status: OKHandle 0x0007, DMI type 6, 12 bytesMemory Module Information Socket Designation: A1 Bank Connections: 2 Current Speed: 53 ns Type: Other Unknown EDO Installed Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Double-bank Connection) Error Status: OKHandle 0x0020, DMI type 16, 15 bytesPhysical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory Error Correction Type: None Maximum Capacity: 8 GB --支持的最大内存容量 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 2 --内存插槽数Handle 0x0021, DMI type 17, 27 bytesMemory Device Array Handle: 0x0020 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB --内存的大小 Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: A0 Bank Locator: Bank0/1 Type: Unknown Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz --内存的频率 Manufacturer: None --制造厂商 Serial Number: None Asset Tag: None Part Number: NoneHandle 0x0022, DMI type 17, 27 bytesMemory Device Array Handle: 0x0020 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None Locator: A1 Bank Locator: Bank2/3 Type: Unknown Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz Manufacturer: None Serial Number: None Asset Tag: None Part Number: None
三：查看磁盘信息
View Code [etl@DB-Server proc]$ cat /proc/diskstats 1 0 ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 15 ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 5 loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 sda 290401 173708 13610308 1138669 5592296 7339424 82186744 31033036 0 29103930 32162184 8 1 sda1 747 51 23682 826 21 1 176 197 0 859 1022 8 2 sda2 289492 173644 13585226 1137643 2933735 7339423 82186568 3822703 0 2288942 4956541 8 16 sdb 8378007 25553 1398248786 14372436 522826 4256363 36431016 14438999 0 13799072 28771502 8 17 sdb1 8377829 25537 1398247234 14372299 297454 4256363 36431016 11238446 0 10599179 25571609 253 0 dm-0 306988 0 12180714 1735363 12012557 0 80931896 90407053 0 28852187 92142257 253 1 dm-1 71655 0 573240 524681 136010 0 1088080 2444268 0 84622 2968950 253 2 dm-2 8490208 0 1399074474 15306343 4761273 0 36597608 1394194132 0 14056741 1409501653
View Code [etl@DB-Server proc]$ df -mFilesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/vg_localhost-lv_root 50397 20475 27363 43% /tmpfs 3683 1 3683 1% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485 42 419 9% /boot/dev/mapper/vg_localhost-lv_home 3695288 726656 2780922 21% /home
View Code [etl@DB-Server proc]$ more /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 512000 sda1 8 2 1953001472 sda2 8 16 1953514584 sdb 8 17 1953513472 sdb1 253 0 52428800 dm-0 253 1 9781248 dm-1 253 2 3844296704 dm-2
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0xb5acb5ac Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 243202 1953001472 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0xccfbccfb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 243202 1953513472 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/dm-0: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/dm-1: 10.0 GB, 10015997952 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1217 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition tableDisk /dev/dm-2: 3936.6 GB, 3936559824896 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 478592 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/dm-2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# lvscan ACTIVE '/dev/vg_localhost/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_localhost/lv_home' [3.58 TiB] inherit ACTIVE '/dev/vg_localhost/lv_swap' [9.33 GiB] inherit[root@DB-Server ~]# pvscan PV /dev/sda2 VG vg_localhost lvm2 [1.82 TiB / 0 free] PV /dev/sdb1 VG vg_localhost lvm2 [1.82 TiB / 0 free] Total: 2 [3.64 TiB] / in use: 2 [3.64 TiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
四：查看网卡信息
1. mii-tool 指令来查看网卡信息。它主要是用于配置网卡工作模式的指令，同时也可以用于查询、监控工作。
2. 直接输入dmesg可以看到开机检测到硬件信息
3. ethtool eth0 采用此命令查到网卡相关的技术指标 (不一定所有网卡支持都支持此命令)
4. more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 用这个可以看到网卡的信息
5. ifconfig
6. lspci
网卡配置文件
每一个网络介质都对应一个配置文件，超级用户可以通过这些配置文件来配置网卡
网卡配置文件存放在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/目录中
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface-name
设置文件ifcfg-interface-name包含了初始化接口所需的大部分周详信息，其中interface-name将根据网卡的类型和排序而不同，一般其名字为eth0、eth1、ppp0等，
其中eth表示以太(eth0)类型网卡，0表示第一块网卡、1表示第二块网卡，而ppp0则表示point-to-poirt protocol网络接口。在ifcfg文件中定义的各项目取决于接口类型。
DEVICE=name 其中name是物理设备名
IPADDR=addr 其中addr是IP地址
NETMASK=mask 其中mask是网络掩码值
NETWORK=addr 其中addr是网络地址
BROADCAST=addr 其中addr是广播地址
GATEWAY=addr 其中addr是网关地址
ONBOOT=answer 其中answer是yes(引导时激活设备)或no（引导时不激活设备）
USECTL=answer 其中answer是yes（非root用户能控制该设备）或no
BOOTPROTO=proto
[root@DB-Server ~]# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 100Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: pg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000001 (1)
Link detected: yes
ethtool -i eth0 加上-i查看网卡驱动
[root@DB-Server ~]# ethtool -i eth0
driver: ATL1C
version: 1.0.1.14
firmware-version: L1e
bus-info: 0000:02:00.0
[root@DB-Server ~]# dmesg | grep eth0
atheros_eth 0000:02:00.0: ATL1C: eth0 NIC Link is Up<100 Mbps Full Duplex>
[root@DB-Server ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
IPADDR=172.20.32.97
NETMASK=255.255.248.0
GATEWAY=172.20.39.251
DNS1=172.20.0.11
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=50:e5:49:df:b0:8b
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no
[root@DB-Server ~]# mii-tool
eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok
五：查看主板信息
View Code [root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode|more查看Base Board Information信息：如下所示Base Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: x.x Serial Number: 或用[root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode -t 2# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytesBase Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: x.x Serial Number: [root@DB-Server ~]# dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$"System Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: Serial Number: UUID: 35304535-3439-4446-4230-3842FFFFFFFF Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: Family: Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytesBase Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: GA-78LMT-S2P Version: x.x Serial Number:
六：查看显卡信息
[root@DB-Server ~]# lspci |grep VGA
01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc 760G [Radeon 3000]